46 research outputs found
Context-Dependent Diffusion Network for Visual Relationship Detection
Visual relationship detection can bridge the gap between computer vision and
natural language for scene understanding of images. Different from pure object
recognition tasks, the relation triplets of subject-predicate-object lie on an
extreme diversity space, such as \textit{person-behind-person} and
\textit{car-behind-building}, while suffering from the problem of combinatorial
explosion. In this paper, we propose a context-dependent diffusion network
(CDDN) framework to deal with visual relationship detection. To capture the
interactions of different object instances, two types of graphs, word semantic
graph and visual scene graph, are constructed to encode global context
interdependency. The semantic graph is built through language priors to model
semantic correlations across objects, whilst the visual scene graph defines the
connections of scene objects so as to utilize the surrounding scene
information. For the graph-structured data, we design a diffusion network to
adaptively aggregate information from contexts, which can effectively learn
latent representations of visual relationships and well cater to visual
relationship detection in view of its isomorphic invariance to graphs.
Experiments on two widely-used datasets demonstrate that our proposed method is
more effective and achieves the state-of-the-art performance.Comment: 8 pages, 3 figures, 2018 ACM Multimedia Conference (MM'18
Ariadne's Thread:Using Text Prompts to Improve Segmentation of Infected Areas from Chest X-ray images
Segmentation of the infected areas of the lung is essential for quantifying
the severity of lung disease like pulmonary infections. Existing medical image
segmentation methods are almost uni-modal methods based on image. However,
these image-only methods tend to produce inaccurate results unless trained with
large amounts of annotated data. To overcome this challenge, we propose a
language-driven segmentation method that uses text prompt to improve to the
segmentation result. Experiments on the QaTa-COV19 dataset indicate that our
method improves the Dice score by 6.09% at least compared to the uni-modal
methods. Besides, our extended study reveals the flexibility of multi-modal
methods in terms of the information granularity of text and demonstrates that
multi-modal methods have a significant advantage over image-only methods in
terms of the size of training data required.Comment: Provisional Acceptance by MICCAI 202
Learning Invariant Visual Representations for Compositional Zero-Shot Learning
Compositional Zero-Shot Learning (CZSL) aims to recognize novel compositions
using knowledge learned from seen attribute-object compositions in the training
set. Previous works mainly project an image and a composition into a common
embedding space to measure their compatibility score. However, both attributes
and objects share the visual representations learned above, leading the model
to exploit spurious correlations and bias towards seen pairs. Instead, we
reconsider CZSL as an out-of-distribution generalization problem. If an object
is treated as a domain, we can learn object-invariant features to recognize the
attributes attached to any object reliably. Similarly, attribute-invariant
features can also be learned when recognizing the objects with attributes as
domains. Specifically, we propose an invariant feature learning framework to
align different domains at the representation and gradient levels to capture
the intrinsic characteristics associated with the tasks. Experiments on two
CZSL benchmarks demonstrate that the proposed method significantly outperforms
the previous state-of-the-art
CAMK2N1 inhibits prostate cancer progression through androgen receptor-dependent signaling.
Castration resistance is a major obstacle to hormonal therapy for prostate cancer patients. Although androgen independence of prostate cancer growth is a known contributing factor to endocrine resistance, the mechanism of androgen receptor deregulation in endocrine resistance is still poorly understood. Herein, the CAMK2N1 was shown to contribute to the human prostate cancer cell growth and survival through AR-dependent signaling. Reduced expression of CAMK2N1 was correlated to recurrence-free survival of prostate cancer patients with high levels of AR expression in their tumor. CAMK2N1 and AR signaling form an auto-regulatory negative feedback loop: CAMK2N1 expression was down-regulated by AR activation; while CAMK2N1 inhibited AR expression and transactivation through CAMKII and AKT pathways. Knockdown of CAMK2N1 in prostate cancer cells alleviated Casodex inhibition of cell growth, while re-expression of CAMK2N1 in castration-resistant cells sensitized the cells to Casodex treatment. Taken together, our findings suggest that CAMK2N1 plays a tumor suppressive role and serves as a crucial determinant of the resistance of prostate cancer to endocrine therapies
Genetic structure and insecticide resistance characteristics of fall armyworm populations invading China
The rapid wideâscale spread of fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda ) has caused serious crop losses globally. However, differences in the genetic background of subpopulations and the mechanisms of rapid adaptation behind the invasion are still not well understood. Here we report the assembly of a 390.38Mb chromosomeâlevel genome of fall armyworm derived from southâcentral Africa using Pacific Bioscience (PacBio) and HiâC sequencing technologies, with scaffold N50 of 12.9 Mb and containing 22260 annotated proteinâcoding genes. Genomeâwide resequencing of 103 samples and strain identification were conducted to reveal the genetic background of fall armyworm populations in China. Analysis of genes related to pesticideâ and Btâresistance showed that the risk of fall armyworm developing resistance to conventional pesticides is very high. Laboratory bioassay results showed that insects invading China carry resistance to organophosphate and pyrethroid pesticides, but are sensitive to genetically modified maize expressing the Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) toxin Cry1Ab in field experiments. Additionally, two mitochondrial fragments were found to be inserted into the nuclear genome, with the insertion event occurring after the differentiation of the two strains. This study represents a valuable advance toward improving management strategies for fall armyworm